In RED , material needed , always revolved around aluminium, glass, stainless steel.
Thus i will cater a post space for this matter.
Aluminium:
Al 6061
Al 6061 Composition, Properties, Temper and Applications of 6061 Aluminium
Al 2024
Wednesday, April 14, 2010
Tuesday, April 13, 2010
Photovoltaic Encapsulant Optical Property Study
All Photovoltaic Study of glass panel should be discuss here:
Photovoltaic Encapsulant Optical Property Study
This paper will present a technical comparison of several incumbent and candidate encapsulants that can be used for thin-film photovoltaic module manufacturing. We will focus on moisture ingress behavior and mechanical properties of several polymers. Most thin-film technologies are moisture sensitive; meaning, they can experience decreases in power output as a result of moisture ingress. One of the most important tests for this is a "damp heat" test defined by IEC 61646, where a module is placed for a period of time at 85oC and 85% relative humidity. Moisture ingress data measured in from the sides of glass-glass laminates after 1000 to 5000 hours of damp heat testing will be discussed. Resulting data for PVB, EVA and several ionomer-based encapsulants (commercial and experimental ionomers) will be compared.
Besides its role in protecting a cell from moisture and other environmental factors, an encapsulant also contributes to mechanical strength in a module. Finite Element Modeling (FEM) can be used to calculate the strength behavior of modules made with alternative encapsulants, under mechanical wind load test conditions (2.4 kPa uniform pressure for 1 hour). FEM modeling using a theoretical module will be discussed, where the variables are:
type of encapsulant (we will discuss all encapsulants mentioned);
support system (2-sided versus 4-sided);
glass thickness; and
encapsulant thickness.
We will compare some of these calculations with real mechanical load tests.
Comparison of Moisture Behavior and Mechanical Strength of Several Encapsulants
Encapsulant materials can provide protection and electrical isolation of the solar components in photovoltaic (PV) modules from the environment. However, some photovoltaic devices are sensitive to low levels of moisture and the ingress of water into a module can decrease its performance significantly during the lifetime of a module. In glass/glass PV modules, the moisture penetrates through the encapsulant to the module’s metal components and degradation can occur. In this study, we have developed and validated methods to determine moisture ingress in situ in a laminate. Results indicate that water permeability and equilibrium moisture level (which are temperature dependent) can both affect the corrosion of the metal. We have measured the moisture ingress through a developmental encapsulant material from the glass edge towards the center by an in-situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique after damp-heat exposure. The FTIR measurements were performed on glass / encapsulant / glass laminates that were weathered at various times at elevated temperatures and humidity. The moisture level in the encapsulant can be determined by integration of the IR band between 1880 and 1990 nm. This peak surface was compared to a calibration curve, which was obtained using laminates with known encapsulant moisture levels (determined by Karl- Fischer titration). The moisture migration through an encapsulant material from the edge was also measured using an ASTM D7191 moisture analysis method [1]. The measurements were made on Al foil/encapsulant/Al foil laminates that were exposed to 85°C and 85%RH (damp heat). The experimental data from both methods were well-correlated using a Fickian diffusion model.
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE INGRESS THROUGH VARIOUS ENCAPSULANTS IN GLASS/GLASS LAMINATES
Photovoltaic Encapsulant Optical Property Study
This paper will present a technical comparison of several incumbent and candidate encapsulants that can be used for thin-film photovoltaic module manufacturing. We will focus on moisture ingress behavior and mechanical properties of several polymers. Most thin-film technologies are moisture sensitive; meaning, they can experience decreases in power output as a result of moisture ingress. One of the most important tests for this is a "damp heat" test defined by IEC 61646, where a module is placed for a period of time at 85oC and 85% relative humidity. Moisture ingress data measured in from the sides of glass-glass laminates after 1000 to 5000 hours of damp heat testing will be discussed. Resulting data for PVB, EVA and several ionomer-based encapsulants (commercial and experimental ionomers) will be compared.
Besides its role in protecting a cell from moisture and other environmental factors, an encapsulant also contributes to mechanical strength in a module. Finite Element Modeling (FEM) can be used to calculate the strength behavior of modules made with alternative encapsulants, under mechanical wind load test conditions (2.4 kPa uniform pressure for 1 hour). FEM modeling using a theoretical module will be discussed, where the variables are:
type of encapsulant (we will discuss all encapsulants mentioned);
support system (2-sided versus 4-sided);
glass thickness; and
encapsulant thickness.
We will compare some of these calculations with real mechanical load tests.
Comparison of Moisture Behavior and Mechanical Strength of Several Encapsulants
Encapsulant materials can provide protection and electrical isolation of the solar components in photovoltaic (PV) modules from the environment. However, some photovoltaic devices are sensitive to low levels of moisture and the ingress of water into a module can decrease its performance significantly during the lifetime of a module. In glass/glass PV modules, the moisture penetrates through the encapsulant to the module’s metal components and degradation can occur. In this study, we have developed and validated methods to determine moisture ingress in situ in a laminate. Results indicate that water permeability and equilibrium moisture level (which are temperature dependent) can both affect the corrosion of the metal. We have measured the moisture ingress through a developmental encapsulant material from the glass edge towards the center by an in-situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique after damp-heat exposure. The FTIR measurements were performed on glass / encapsulant / glass laminates that were weathered at various times at elevated temperatures and humidity. The moisture level in the encapsulant can be determined by integration of the IR band between 1880 and 1990 nm. This peak surface was compared to a calibration curve, which was obtained using laminates with known encapsulant moisture levels (determined by Karl- Fischer titration). The moisture migration through an encapsulant material from the edge was also measured using an ASTM D7191 moisture analysis method [1]. The measurements were made on Al foil/encapsulant/Al foil laminates that were exposed to 85°C and 85%RH (damp heat). The experimental data from both methods were well-correlated using a Fickian diffusion model.
DETERMINATION OF MOISTURE INGRESS THROUGH VARIOUS ENCAPSULANTS IN GLASS/GLASS LAMINATES
Monday, April 12, 2010
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